Thursday, November 28, 2019

Day of the Dead Essays (1408 words) - Culture, Mexican Culture

More than 500 years ago, when the Spanish Conquistadors landed in what is now Mexico, they encountered natives practicing a ritual that seemed to mock death. It was a ritual the indigenous people had been practicing at least 3,000 years. A ritual the Spaniards would try unsuccessfully to eradicate. A ritual known today as D?a de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead. The ritual is celebrated in Mexico and certain parts of the United States, including the Valley.Celebrations are held each year in Mesa, Chandler, Guadalupe and at Arizona State University. Although the ritual has since been merged with Catholic theology, it still maintains the basic principles of the Aztec ritual, such as the use of skulls. Today, people don wooden skull masks called calacas and dance in honor of their deceased relatives. The wooden skulls are also placed on altars that are dedicated to the dead. Sugar skulls, made with the names of the dead person on the forehead, are eaten by a relative or friend, according to Mary J. Adrade, who has written three books on the ritual. The Aztecs and other Meso-American civilizations kept skulls as trophies and displayed them during the ritual. The skulls were used to symbolize death and rebirth. The skulls were used to honor the dead, whom the Aztecs and other Meso-American civilizations believed came back to visit during the monthlong ritual. Unlike the Spaniards, who viewed death as the end of life, the natives viewed it as the continuation of life. Instead of fearing death, they embraced it. To them, life was a dream and only in death did they become truly awake. "The pre-Hispanic people honored duality as being dynamic," said Christina Gonzalez, senior lecturer on Hispanic issues at Arizona State University. "They didn't separate death from pain, wealth from poverty like they did in Western cultures." However, the Spaniards considered the ritual to be sacrilegious. They perceived the indigenous people to be barbaric and pagan. In their attempts to convert them to Catholicism, the Spaniards tried to kill the ritual. But like the old Aztec spirits, the ritual refused to die. To make the ritual more Christian, the Spaniards moved it so it coincided with All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day (Nov. 1 and 2), which is when it is celebrated today. Previously it fell on the ninth month of the Aztec Solar Calendar, approximately the beginning of August, and was celebrated for the entire month. Festivities were presided over by the goddess Mictecacihuatl. The goddess, known as "Lady of the Dead," was believed to have died at birth, Andrade said. Today, Day of the Dead is celebrated in Mexico and in certain parts of the United States and Central America. "It's celebrated different depending on where you go," Gonzalez said. In rural Mexico, people visit the cemetery where their loved ones are buried. They decorate gravesites with marigold flowers and candles. They bring toys for dead children and bottles of tequila to adults. They sit on picnic blankets next to gravesites and eat the favorite food of their loved ones. In Guadalupe, the ritual is celebrated much li ke it is in rural Mexico. "Here the people spend the day in the cemetery," said Esther Cota, the parish secretary at the Our Lady of Guadalupe Church. "The graves are decorated real pretty by the people." In Mesa, the ritual has evolved to include other cultures, said Zarco Guerrero, a Mesa artist. "Last year, we had Native Americans and African-Americans doing their own dances," he said. "They all want the opportunity to honor their dead." In the United States and in Mexico's larger cities, families build altars in their homes, dedicating them to the dead. They surround these altars with flowers, food and pictures of the deceased. They light candles and place them next to the altar. "We honor them by transforming the room into an altar," Guerrero said. "We offer incense, flowers. We play their favorite music, make their favorite food." At Guerrero's house, the altar is not only dedicated to friends and family members who have died, but to others as well. "We pay homage to the Mexic ans killed in auto accidents while being smuggled across the border,"

Monday, November 25, 2019

Prehistory and the First Civil essays

Prehistory and the First Civil essays In the overall of view of Prehistory and The First Civilizations, the evolution of citizens with animate and inanimate objects emerged to bring about a soceity. The soceity initially consisted of humans, whose need to survive was acknowledged and learned. The Paleothic people devised a means of nourishing survival by hunting and gathering eatable nourishment to sustain their lives. Ways of obtaining such nourishment transcended from generation to generation by passing down the use of the earth, in the form of stones, to kill their prey for the establishment of the human force as the superior being of the time. In addition to using stone for nutriment, these people used it to clothe their people and to communicate via carved pictures. Once the establishment of human superiority was consistent, the generation that followed improved upon those uses by learning to reproduce the nourishment. That generation is known as the Neolithic people. These people learned that by planting the seeds of the food that was gathered, it could be consistently and abundantly produced naturally. Throughout the course of this new-found soceity, the next generation looked to supernatural forces as an explanatory reason for the successes and failures of their environment. The supernatural faith in animism, monotheism, and pantheism prescribed a system of ritualistic beliefs that were defined by the actions of the people and the resulting consequences. All the faiths sought out divinity for the answers to questions that mankind was unable to clearly define. In an effort to decrease the amount of subjectivity left for interpretation, the next civilization equated materialist success, or the lack thereof, to their relationship with their gods. They each believed that their faith allowed them the superiorty necessary to dictate law and order. Those civilizations established judicial systems based primarily on the social standing of the differe...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Sales and marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sales and marketing management - Essay Example Gathering of information using primary method is the best way because there is interaction with a client (Baker 2008). Primary methods to be used can be observation, networking, interviewing and focus groups. This paper will put forward an in-depth assessment of cause related marketing, its benefits to involved partners and application of various theories Cause Related Marketing Does Cause Related Marketing aim to Generate Resources for Specific Concerns? Starbucks and Nike are one of the few companies that engage in cause related marketing. Companies partner with non-profit making organizations with various purposes. Apart from marketing their products, they raise awareness and offer support and some give donations to hunger stricken people. Other purposes include enhancing a company reputation, to gain financially and to enhance a customer loyalty. This proves that Cause Related Marketing has an aim of generating resources for specific needs (Dibb 2000). Yoplait Yogurt is another g ood company that did Cause Related Marketing in 1997. This company formed a partnership with Susan Komen Breast Cancer Foundation to promote their yogurt and at the same benefit the cancer foundation. The partnership had been successful because the Cancer Foundation used to receive 10 cents for a cup of yoghurt bought. The brand image of Yoplait was promoted and this led to increment of their sales. It also created a public awareness concerning breast cancer which is a killer disease. Differences between Cause Related Marketing and Social Marketing Cause related marketing has its main focus on benefiting partners involved. It is used to generate resources, create awareness of a situation and improve the image of a company. There is marketing involved. Products of a company are marketed while trying to raise awareness of a social situation. The organization involved get financial help while companies increase their product sales. Social marketing is taking advantage of social media t ools to do marketing (Keller 2008). It enables customers to be informed, make better decisions and view products in a wider perspective. Through this way, a company is able to increase its sales and revenue. It is an old strategy of marketing. Benefits of CRM for Both Parties The primary goal for companies that engage in cause related marketing is to increase their revenue and promote their image. This type of marketing enhances brand building. Customers prefer companies or brands that associate themselves with donations. Companies that engage in charitable activities are preferred more than those that do not. Organizations benefit when they are funded by companies. Non-profit making organizations have more sources of funding when they partner with companies that engage in Cause Related Marketing. Companies known to donate to non-profit making organizations include Coca Cola and McDonalds among others (Kotler 2009). Cause-related Marketing generates goodwill for a company and create s organization awareness. Conclusion Cause-related marketing benefits all the parties involved. There is increase of sales because customers like to be associated with companies that engage in charitable activities. Both the images of businesses and organization are enhanced. There is awareness of a social phenomenon and organizations benefit financially. Brand Development Introduction Branding is always in a form of a logo which is designed to convey a certain message

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

To what extent would you agree that 'the media and the police Essay

To what extent would you agree that 'the media and the police responses to football hooliganism have tended to be dispropor - Essay Example So one could argue that media's extensive coverage of this phenomenon has more to do with marketing the media product rather than any upkeep of journalistic values. With this understanding one could also see the role of police in a different light. They could be perceived as agents in the content creation process, who contribute by giving information and video footage of hooligans. And since the media seldom question instances of police mistreatment of hooligans, they tend to act brashly and ruthlessly in controlling the mob. (Crawford, 2004, p.225) In this context, there is room to believe that both the media and police tend to react in excess to what the situation actually warrants. The rest of this essay will present points in support of this thesis. One of the most courageous and vocal opponent of the way media tends to set aside ethics when it comes to garnering revenues is John Pilger. Pilger has dedicated his life to investigative journalism, which focuses on bringing out diss ident views against abuse of power. In the United Kingdom, the biggest threat today is not so much from political power as it is from concentration of media ownership. Rupert Murdoch exemplifies fears of media monopoly in Britain and other countries of the Commonwealth. And upon his media empire's entry in the British media scene, instances of reporting on football hooliganism has increased. (Sanhi, 2009, p.909) And many of the stories are so construed as to project miscreants (correctly or incorrectly) as heavy boozing, irresponsible, violent monsters. Pilger's first-hand account of a personal acquaintance' experience with his son amply illustrates this point: â€Å"I met Eddie Spearritt in the Philharmonic pub, overlooking Liverpool. It was a few years after 96 Liverpool football fans had been crushed to death at Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield, on 15 April 1989. Eddie's son, Adam, aged 14, died in his arms. The "main reason for the disaster", Lord Justice Taylor subsequently rep orted, was the "failure" of the police, who had herded fans into a lethal pen. "As I lay in my hospital bed," Eddie said, "the hospital staff kept the Sun away from me. It's bad enough when you lose your 14-year-old son because you're treating him to a football match. Nothing can be worse than that. But since then I've had to defend him against all the rubbish printed by the Sun about everyone there being a hooligan and drinking. There was no hooliganism. During 31 days of Lord Justice Taylor's inquiry, no blame was attributed because of alcohol. Adam never touched it in his life."† (John Pilger, 2009, p.14) What this episode of journalistic misdemeanour's shows is the total lack of respect for facts and disregard for the feelings of victims and their families. Pilger further brought to light that Kelvin MacKenzie (who is one of Murdoch's favourite editors) was instrumental in creating largely fictitious accounts of hooliganism involving people such as Adam Spearritt. The braz enness with which such misinformation could be passed up as serious journalism can be difficult to believe. For example, MacKenzie was supposed to have written the following headlines in the coverage of this tragic event : â€Å"The Sun front page, scribbling "THE TRUTH" in huge letters. Beneath it, he wrote three subsidiary headlines: "Some fans picked pockets of victims" ... "Some fans urinated on the brave cops" ... "Some fans

Monday, November 18, 2019

Segmentation and Targeting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Segmentation and Targeting - Research Paper Example Starbucks coffee and Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee company are used as the bases of reference. Target markets for Starbucks coffee and Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee Starbucks coffee targets a general local market. Its initial target market was young college students, neighborhoods and social classes that would spend time with friends at their stores and gladly accept the idea of buying a $3 a cup of coffee. The initial focus included small towns, ethnic neighborhoods, highway rest shops, rural communities and even towns saturated with coffee shops. As a result of rapid growth, this target market has expanded quickly to include local buyers of all ages. On the other hand, the Jamaica Blue Mountain focuses on the export market. Its main target market is Japan though it wants to expand to include Canada. How the choice of target market influences the company's promotion and pricing A company has to consider the buying power of its market. Miller (2006) explains that customers have differe nt disposable income and this means they are different in terms of their sensitivity to prices. Market segmentation is therefore important in determining if a company can raise its prices or not. If the company has to raise its prices, the type of target market will determine the level to which the company will raise its average prices. If the target market is very sensitive to prices, then a company could consider dropping its prices slightly so as to gain an extra market share. If it is insensitive to prices, then a slight increase for purposes of increasing profits margins will benefit since the increase will be indiscernible. According to Aaker et al (2000), the type of target market also determines promotion methods used. A company has to choose the promotion methods that will enable it to reach its target market quickly and adequately. Alternative methods include the TV, radio, billboards, direct marketing mail shot or the Internet. At the same time, the company has to conside r how competitors do their promotions. They should then evaluate the efficiency of these methods and compare with those they use or intend to use. The type of target market also determines the frequency of these promotions. For example, markets that are highly competitive require frequent promotions in order to retain customer loyalty. Effects of introducing a new target market on consumer perceptions A company can introduce a new target market in a market that is already captured by its competitor. For example, Starbucks coffee can start producing brands for export to Japan, a market segment that is already captured by Jamaica Blue Mountain coffee. According to Kotler (2003) the perception here will be that the company has performed well in terms of pricing and its expansion is a sign that it is now focusing on the quality of its products and expansion of its image. As a result of this, customers will tend to associate more with the company products so as to enjoy the anticipated h igh quality products and form part of this international or wide region market. The influenced of economic changes on purchase trends of customers The customers will not be influenced by changes in the economy because they will have already formed a perception that the company is already working on the quality of its products. This means that at fair prices, they will be enjoying more quality products and variety as well. This situation is reinforced by the

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Ebola Virus Symptoms and Diagnosis Methods

Ebola Virus Symptoms and Diagnosis Methods 1.1 Introduction to Ebola Virus Ebola virus is a combative pathogen that causes a fatal hemorrhagic fever syndrome in humans and animals, which was first identified near the Ebola River Valley in Zaire, Africa, in 1976 (Sullivan, Yang and Nabel, 2003). The Marburg virus and the Ebola virus formed the family Filoviridae (Peters, 2005). The outbreak of Ebola fever in 2014 is in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone which has affected the entire country; also in Kayes- Mali; Madrid-Spain; Dallas, Texas, New York City- United States without wide spread transmission and countries with no current transmission are Nigeria and Senegal (Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, 2014c). The general mortality rate of Ebola hemorrhagic fever is 57% 90% (McElory et al., 2014). Mortality rate in pregnant women is 95.5%, which is not outstanding the overall death toll (Mupapa et al., 1999). The number of cases reported in multiple countries are as follows 1976- 603, 1995-315 and in 2014(March)-5481 (Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, 2014c). The virus is transmitted through direct physical contact (WHO, 2014). Ebola fever remains an epidemic for the people of equatorial Africa, with an increase in the cases of outbreak since 2000 (Feldman and Geisbert, 2010). History of Ebola Virus The illness caused by a negative stranded RNA virus is known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Pourrut et al., 2005). It is an acute and serious illness and can be fatal if untreated (WHO, 2014). The Ebola virus is aboriginal to East Africa and belongs to the Filoviridae family (Chippaux, 2014) .Ebola virus disease first appeared in Nzara, Sudan and in Yumbuku, Democratic Republic of Congo, simultaneously (WHO, 2014). It was in the year 1976 and the disease got its name because it occurred in a village near the Ebola River (WHO, 2014). Since the time of outbreak of the disease, the mortality rates ranges from 50% to 90% in Africa (Sullivan, Yang, Nabel, 2003). The first outbreak in Sudan caused infection to over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53% (Waterman, 1999). Figure 1: illustrates the historical view of the outbreak (Pourrut et al., 2005). Figure 1: Human EBOV outbreaks in Africa (Pourrut et al., 2005). Throughout 1994 to 1996, not less than five individualistic active sites of Ebola virus transmission were recognised: Cote d’lovire in 1994, Democratic Republic of Congo in 1995 and Gabbon in 1994, 1995, 1996 and furthermore the sites were found in or near tropical forests (Peters and Peters, 1999). The 2014 Ebola outbreak is the first outbreak in West Africa and the largest outbreak in the history of the disease, with a total case count rate of 6263 and a total death of 2917 ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014d). The first human case to be diagnosed in Africa was a female Swiss entomologist who became ill few days later, autopsying a chimpanzee dead in Tai National Park, situated in the ivory coast and this took place during the period of 1994 (Pourrut et al., 2005). Characteristics of Ebola Virus The Ebola virus is a thread like, single stranded RNA virus with an uncommon, inconstant length and a branched histology (Paustain, 2013). When Ebola virus nucleoprotein (NP) enters mammalian cells it congregates into helical structures (Noda et al., 2010). The nucleoprotein which is a recombinant is correlated with non-viral RNA (Noda et al., 2010). The complete set of genes or genetic material present in the Ebola is 19 kb long and has seven reading frames (Sullivan, Yang and Nabel, 2003).The frames conceal structural proteins including the virioa envelope glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix proteins VP24 and VP40 and also non structural proteins, including VP30 and VP35 and the viral polymerase (Sullivan, Yang and Nabel, 2003). A soluble 60 to 70-K Da protein (s GP) and a full- length 150 to 70 K Da protein (GP) are two genes produced by the open reading frame of the Ebola virus and these proteins insert into the viral membrane through transcriptional editing (Sulliva n, Yang and Nabel, 2003). Figure 2: demonstrates the crystal structure of the Ebola virus. Figure 2: The crystal structure of an Ebola virus GP which reveals a three lobed chalice like structure. The three GP1 subunits mediate attachment to new host cells and are tethered together by the three GP2 subunits (Lee et al., 2008). Immunohistochemistry and Electron microscopic analysis revealed that endothelial cells, mononuclear phagocytes and hepatocytes are major targets of infection (Zaki et al., 1999) .The virus is carried by animals and is transmitted to humans, this spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission (WHO, 2014). Handling of ill or dead chimpanzees can also be a cause for the transmission of the virus, among humans Ebola can be transmitted by contact with infected bodily fluids, blood secretions or tissues (Jaax et al., 1995). Symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease When the Ebola virus enters the mammalian cells and infects a person, symptoms start to show between 2 to 21 days, or usually appear after 5 to 7 days after infection (NHS Choices, 2014). It begins with a fever accompanied by severe headache, joint pains, muscle pain, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, chills, low back pain and fatigue (National Library of Medicine, 2013). These symptoms are shown between the incubation period of the virus (National Library of Medicine, 2013). Unfortunately, primary symptoms of Ebola virus disease are nonspecific (Willey, 2014). Patients may develop other serious symptoms, as the disease progress and signs such as eye redness, rash, hiccups, cough, chest pain, internal and external body bleeding (for example: mucosal surfaces) and difficulty in breathing and swallowing (Willey, 2014). There can also be signs and symptoms of coma, disseminated intravascular coagulation and shock (National Library of Medicine, 2013). Diagnosis Methods for Ebola Virus Disease The infection, caused by Ebola in the out breaks are confirmed by diverse laboratory diagnostic methods (Saijo, et al., 2006). The Ebola fever is difficult to be diagnosed, as the early symptoms and signs are similar to other diseases such as typhoid and malaria, but if the doctor suspects they use blood samples to identify the virus, including Enzyme- linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Mayo clinic, 2014). Currently only the geographic origin of the specimen may give some identification as to recognize the virus involved (Pattyn, 2014). Laboratory tests used in diagnosis include virus isolation which is done within few days after the symptoms begin, later in the disease course or after recovery the test of antibodies IgM and IgG is done and retrospectively in decreased patient’s immunohistochemistry, PCR and virus isolation are performed (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014a). Ebola virus is classified as Risk Group 4 which needs safety methods of diagnosis (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2014). Blood specimens are generally used to distinguish specific antigens or genes of the virus (Pozos, 2014). One of the methods used to detect Ebola is through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and in this method some doubted Ebola virus undergoes replication and the results are analyzed using electrophoresis (Pozos, 2014).Test done to diagnose the fever also include liver function test, test of how well the blood clots and C.B.C (The New York Times, 2014). Treatment Methods for Ebola Virus Disease Ebola virus fever has no known cure and antiviral medicines do not work well against the disease (The New York Times, 2014). Brincidofovir, the modified version of the drug Cidofovir inhabits replication of DNA viruses and this drug is used to treat Ebola patients (Rancaniello, 2014). In most cases the patient is hospitalized and will ostensibly need intensive care (The New York Times, 2014). The treatment given for a patient deteriorating from shock includes medication and fluids given intravenously (Pozo, 2014). The chance of survival can be significantly improved if the following basic involvements are used at the start: providing intravenous fluids and balancing body salts, maintaining the oxygen levels and treating other infections if they occur (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014b). An experimental treatment, known as ZMapp which is a combination of three antibodies can be tried, even though it has not yet been experimented on humans for effectiveness (NHS Choices, 2014). If they have bleeding problems he or she might require transfusion of platelets or blood (National Library of Medicine, 2013). Oxygen therapies and pain medications can be given to ease the pain (Kivi, 2012). Supportive treatment methods for Ebola Virus Disease also include medications to control fever, help the blood clot, to control blood pressure and antibiotics to prevent secondary infections from bacteria (Clinaero, 2014). Conclusion The deadly Ebola virus is killing thousands of naive people worldwide. No known successful treatment is found for cure. Filoviruses, Arenaviruses, Flaviruses and Bunyaviruses are the viruses responsible for causing viral hemorrhagic fever including Ebola which starts from mild symptoms to death. The Ebola virus spreads through the blood and replicates in organs including the liver, lymphatic organs kidneys ovaries and testes .Prevention is only option for the moment. First step of prevention is the spread of knowledge worldwide about the Ebola virus and its efficiency. In order to eradicate the disease the chain of infection can be identified and comprehended as well as further research can be conducted and a particular medicine can be found to cure the disease. Isolating the patient, practice of cautious hygiene and avoiding coming in contact with body fluids can reduce the spread of the disease. In conclusion, one has seen the facts of Ebola hemorrhagic fever as dreadful and grueso me as they are, but instead a more comprehensive approach is required which must include a global perspective and improved healthcare acquired from socioeconomic betterment is vital, which would protect the individual as well as those around the world. Reference List Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014a). Diagnosis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever CDC. [Online] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/diagnosis/index.html (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014b). Treatment of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever CDC. [Online] Cdc.gov. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/treatment/index.html (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014c). Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus Disease CDC. [Online] Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/history/chronology.html (Accessed: 1 November 2014). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014d). Ebola Outbreak in West Africa,CDC [Online] Cdc.gov. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/index.htmL (Accessed: 1 November 2014). Clinaero, I. (2014). Ebola Treatment. [Online] ‘Health Information Brought To Life’. Available at: http://ebola.emedtv.com/ebola/ebola-treatment.html (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Chippaux, J. (2014). ‘Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Africa: the beginnings of a tragic saga’. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Disease, 20(1), p.44. [Online] DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-44 (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Feldmann, H. and Geisbert, T. (2011). ‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’. The Lancet, 377(9768), pp.849-862. [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60667-8 (Accessed: 1 November 2014) Fernando, M. (2014). ‘No Sri Lankan infected by Ebola in West Africa Ambassador Ratnapala’. [Online] Sundayobserver.lk. Available at: http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2014/08/17/fea05.asp (Accessed: 1 November 2014). 2014). Jaax, N., Jahrling, P., Geisbert, T., Geisbert, J., Steele, K., McKee, K., Nagley, D., Johnson, E., Jaax, G. and Peters, C. (1995). ‘Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory’. The Lancet, 346(8991-8992), pp.1669-1671. [Online] DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92841-3 (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Kivi, R. (2014). ‘Ebola virus and disease’ [Online] Available at: http://www.healthline.com/health/ebola-hemorrhagic-fever#Overview (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Mayo Clinic. (2014). ‘Ebola virus and Marburg virus Tests and diagnosis Diseases and Conditions’. [Online] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ebola-virus/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20031241 (Accessed: 10 October 2014). McElroy, A., Erickson, B., Flietstra, T., Rollin, P., Nichol, S., Towner, J. and Spiropoulou, C. (2014). ‘Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Novel Biomarker Correlates of Clinical Outcome’. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 210(4), pp.558-566. [Online] DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu088 (Accessed: 1 November 2014). Mupapa, K., Mukundu, W., Bwaka, M., Kipasa, M., De Roo, A., Kuvula, K., Kibadi, K., Massamba, M., Ndaberey, D., Colebunders, R. and Muyembeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Tamfum, J. (1999). ‘Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever and Pregnancy’. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179(1), pp.S11-S12. [Online] DOI: 10.1086/514289 (Accessed: 1 November 2014). National Health Service. (2014). ‘Ebola virus disease NHS Choices’. [Online] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ebola-virus/pages/ebola-virus.aspx(Accessed: 10 October 2014). National Library of Medicine. (2014). ‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’. [Online] Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001339.htm (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Noda, T., Hagiwara, K., Sagara, H. and Kawaoka,Y. (2010. ‘Characterization of the ebola virus nucleoprotein-RNA complex’. Journal of General Virology, 91(6), pp.1478-1483. [Online] DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.019794-0 (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Pattyn, S. R. (2014). ‘Ebola Virus Hemorrhagic Fever’. [Online] Available at: http://www.itg.be/internet/ebola/ebola-20.htm (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Paustian, (2014). ‘Ebola is a filamentous virus with a single-stranded RNA genome’. The Microbial World: A look at all things small. [Online] Microbiologytext.com. Available at: http://www.microbiologytext.com/index.php?module=Bookfunc=displayarticleart_id=494 (Access: 11 October 2014). Peters, C. (2005). ‘Marburg and Ebola — Arming Ourselves against the Deadly Filoviruses’. New England Journal of Medicine, 352(25), pp.2571-257. [Online] DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp058109 (Accessed: 1 November.2014). Peters, C. J. and Peters, J.W. (1999) ‘An introduction to ebola: the virus and the disease’, Journal of Ebola, (1999)179, pp. ix-xvi. [Online] DOI: 10.1086/514322 (Accessed: 13 September 2014). Pozos, J. (2014). ‘Ebola’. [Online] Austincc.edu. Available at: http://www.austincc.edu/microbio/2704w/ev.htm (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Public Health Agency of Canada, (2014). Ebola virus Pathogen Safety Data Sheets. [Online] Available at: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/lab-bio/res/psds-ftss/ebola-eng.php#footnote1 (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Pourrut, X., Kumulungui, B., Wittmann, T., Moussavou, G., Dà ©licat, A., Yaba, P., Nkoghe, D., Gonzalez, J. and Leroy, E. (2005). ‘The natural history of ebola virus in Africa; Microbes and Infection, 7(7-8), pp.1005-1014. [Online] DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006 (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Rancaniello, V. (2014). ‘About Viruses and Viral Diseases’. Virology. Available at: http://www.virology.ws/ (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Saijo, M., Niikura, M., Ikegami, T., Kurane, I., Kurata, T. and Morikawa, S. (2006). ‘Laboratory Diagnostic Systems for Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fevers Developed with Recombinant Proteins’. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, [Online] 13(4), pp.444-451. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.4.444-451.2006 (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Sullivan, N., Yang, Z. and Nabel, G.J. (2003). ‘Ebola virus pathogenesis: implications for vaccines and therapies’. Journal of Virology, (2003) [Online] 77(18), pp.9733-9737. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.18.9733-9737.2003 (Accessed: 2 November 2014). The New York Times, (2014). ‘Ebola hemorrhagic fever’. [Online] Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/health/ guides/disease/ebola-hemorrhagic-fever/overview.htmL (Accessed: 10 October 2014). Waterman, T. (1999). ‘Brief general history of ebola’. [Online] Web.stanford.edu. Available at: https://web.stanford.edu/group/virus/filo/history.html (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Willey, J. (2014). Ebola Virus: Facts on Symptoms and the Latest Outbreak. [Online] Medicinenet.com. Available at: http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/mobileart.asp?articlekey=160898page=6 (Accessed: 10 October 2014). World Health Organization (2014). ‘Ebola virus disease’. [Online] WHO Fact Sheet. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ (Accessed: 11 October 2014). Zaki, S., Shieh, W., Greer, P., Goldsmith, C., Ferebee, T., Katshitshi, J., Tshioko, F., Bwaka, M., Swanepoel, R., Calain, P., Khan, A., Lloyd, E., Rollin, P., Ksiazek, T. and Peters, C. (1999). ‘A Novel Immunohistochemical Assay for the Detection of Ebola Virus in Skin: Implications for Diagnosis, Spread, and Surveillance of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever’. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179(s1), pp.S36-S47. [Online] DOI: 10.1086/514319. (Accessed: 11 October 2014). 1

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Critique of Gilgamesh as a King in The Epic of Gilgamesh Essays

A Critique of Gilgamesh as a King in The Epic of Gilgamesh   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are some characteristics that most great kings have. All of the great kings did not have all of these characteristics, but they had some of them. Gilgamesh did not have many of these traits. Although he was a powerful king, he was not a great king. He had some good traits, such as being a leader, and fighting evil powers. He tormented his people, oppressed them them, exhausted them in daily life and in combat, and he gave himself the right to sleep with any unmarried woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gilgamesh uses his strength to get anything he wants. He especially uses his power to get women. He â€Å"demands to be first with the bride, the king to be first and the husband to follow.†(68) To c...